lokrfjI qfnfsLfh bnfm lokrfjI awqvfd 
By Balbir Singh Sooch

iensfP dy rfj dI gLYr-mOjUdgI ivc lokrfjI qfnfsLfh bnfm lokrfjI awqvfd df XuwD sMsfr aMdr cwl irhf hY. ieh XuwD nMU dyK ky hr koeI pRysLfn hY. awj kmfeI qy hrfm dI kmfeI, amIrI qy grIbI, sLRYxI qy jfqI vMz, DrmI qy aDrmI ibrqI ivcfrDfrf dy DfrnIaF nMU afpxy aijhy nsLy dI msqI kfrn BfvyN ieh XuwD njLr nf af irhf hovy, Auh pyRsLfn jrUr hn. ieh XuwD Kqrnfk idsLf lY irhf hY. awj lokrfj df lokrfjI qfnfsLfh nsLf mfnx vfly iesy lokrfj nMU iksy vyly lokrfjI awqvfd kih ky nkfrn dI koisLsL krngy. ijvyN awj ‘Drm-inrpwKqf’ (sYkUlriejLm) df mqlb rojL bdldf idKfeI dy irhf hY. ies dI ivafiKaf krnI aOKI hI nhIN sgoN afpxy afpxy ZMg nfl kIqI jf rhI hY. iesy pRkfr ‘lokrfj’ sLbd dy arQ bdldy idKfeI dy rhy hn. ies lokrfj df sOKf mqlb qF hY lokF df afpxf rfj. ivdvfnf vfly arQ hn, lokF rfhIN (Bfv inrdosL, bydfg qy sMpUrx cox pRxflI) lokF df (cuxy jfx vfly AumIdvfr iemfndfr qy bydfg hox) qy lokF leI (kilafxkfrI) rfj. lokF dI dwsI vMz ny lokrfj nMU vI alwg-alwg iksmF ivc vMz idwqf hY. shI lokrfj dI pirBfsLf iensfP dy rfj jF kih lAu Auh kfnMUn df rfj ’qy inrBr hY jo iksy vI mnuwK nMU iensfP krn lwigaF mnmfnI krky PYslf krn dI afigaf nf idMdf hovy. ieh gux BfrqI lokrfj ivwc nhIN hn.
ies leI awj vI BfrqI lokrfj nfloN pwCmI dysLF dy lokrfj nUM awCf ikhf jf irhf hY. ies df spsLt kfrn Bfrq aMdr iensfP dy rfj dI axhoNd hY. ijwQy vI iensfP dy rfj nMU nkfr ky lokrfj dI gwl kIqI jfvygI AuwQy lokrfjI qfnfsLfh bnfm lokrfjI awqvfd df XuWD spwsLt njLr afAux lwg pvygf. siQqI muqfbk keI ies nMU byeImfnI bnfm iemfndfrI, keI ies nMU swc bnfm JUT, keI ies nMU awCfeI bnfm bdI, keI ies nMU DrmI bnfm aDrmI, keI ies nMU sLRYxI (amIr qbky df sihpfTI ) bnfm jfqI afid ivckfr XuwD df nFA idMdy hn qy dyxgy.
sLYqfn hukmrfn qy isafsI KudgrjLI aDIn isrP afpxI byhqrI, sLkqI qy surwiKaf leI siQqI muqfbk byeImfnI, iemfndfrI, swc, JUT, awCfeI, bdI, DrmI, aDrmI, sLRYxI, jfqI, Drm, DrmF, ivkfs, ivnfsLkfrI, sLkqI, byvsI, amIr/DnfZ, grIb/inrDn afid dI sLbdfvlI vrq ky ienHF muwidaF nMU msilaF df rUp ivc jugq nfl joV-qoV, hyrfPyrI, DoKybfjLI vfsqy kurvrqoN krdf hY. sLYqfn hukmrfn qy hvfn isafsI qy ies dy cfplUs ijnHI AuwcI afvfjL ivc iensfP dy rfj ’qy aml krn df hokf idMdy hn Auqny hI Auh ies qoN bymuwK hn. iehnF dy hwk ivc sPfeI pwK pysL krn vfly vI Gwt gunfhgfr nhIN hn. ijwQoN qk puils dI mfVI kfrgujLfrI dI gwl hY huxy hI sfbkf pMjfb puils dy zfierYktr jnrl srbjIq isMG ny vI iewk tI[vI cYnl ’qy isafsI hukmF qy kMtrol nMU ies dy leI dosLI Tihrfieaf hY qy bfkI iqMnoN smyq sMcflk glbfq ivwc ihwsf lYx vfilaF ny AunHF nfl sihmqI pRgtfAuNidaF iswty ’qy phuMcidaF ikhf ik ‘PV lAu-mfr idAu’ nfl gwl nhIN muwkxI sgoN gMBIrqf nfl smwisaf dI zUMGfeI qk jf ky hwl lwBx dI loV hY. awj df qfnfsLfh sfP njLr af irhf hY ik lokrfj dy nF nfl nvyN lokrfjI awqvfd nMU bVI qyjLI nfl swdf dy irhf hY qy bVI sLYqfnI nfl iensfP dy rfj dI axdyKI krn dI glqI kr irhf hY.
keI vfr isafsI sLYqfn vI mXUsI ’c kfPI kuwJ swc kih jFdf hY:
afm lok jfxdy hn jdoN iksy iDr qy AumIdvfr dI BfrqI lokrfj (BfvyN aDUrf hI hY) ivc hfr huMdI hY qF Ausdy ivhVy suMnsfn ho jFdy hn qy jyqU iDr dy ivhVy ivc bYNz-vfjy qy igwDy pYx lwg jFdy hn. ieh aksr isafsI lokF nfl huMdf rihMdf hY. s sLmsLyr isMG dUlo jo huxy hI pMjfb pRdysL kFgrs dy pRDfn sRImqI sonIaf dy ispfhI vjoN inXukq hoey hn, ny afAuNidaF hI afpxI mfXUsI dy dOr ivcoN inklidaF hI ikhf ik ‘muwK mMqrI kYptn amirMdr isMG vloN aPsrsLfhI ƒ nwQ pfeI jfxI cfhIdI hY qy aPsrsLfhI ƒ vrkrF dIaF isLkfieqF suxn lfieaf jfvy’. ieh ibafn ieAuN sI ijvyN ieh pihlI vfrI hI dwisaf jf irhf hovy ik aPsrsLfhI ipCly virHaF ivc lokF qy vrkrF dIaF vI sLkfieqF suxn ƒ iqafr nhIN hY. s[ dUlo dy ies ibafn ivwc dm bhuq hY pr iemfndfrI Gwt hY ikAuNik dUlo df afpxf ipCokV bydfgL nhIN hY. hux vI Auh ieh dbkf mfr ky afAuNdIaF coxF leI afpxI hor JolI Brn dI qfk ivc hY, ijs leI Ausny izptI kimsLnrF qy ijLlHf puils kpqfnF ƒ isrP afpxy sihXog leI hI dbkf mfiraf hY nf ik lokF qy vrkrF dI BlfeI KLfqr kuwJ krn dI soc hY. aijhy pUMjIpqI nMU sMq rfm AudfsI-kvI ieAuN ibafn krdf hY:
"pUMjIpqI ’qy jy koeI hwQ cwuky,
gUTf afpxI GMzI ’qy smJdI ieh.
POj puls kfnMUn qy Drm qfeIN,
mul ilaf ju mMzI ’qy smJdI ieh".
dUsrf pYNqVf s[ dUlo df AudXogpqIaF nfl sOdybfjLI df hY qy ies leI hI s[ dUlo ny kFgrs dy pfrlImfnI skwqr suirMdr zfvr nfl iml ky pRdUsLxkfrIaF dI ipwT QfpI hY. ieh dyKx ivc afieaf hY ik ipCly lMmy smyN qoN keI isafsqdfn pRdUsLx ƒ dUlo vFg iek kmfeI dy sfDn vjoN vrqdy af rhy hn. ienHF df pRdUsLx PYlfAux ivc sihXog dy ky kmfeI krnf, mnuwKI jIvn leI bhuq Gfqk irhf hY.
sRImqI sonIaf gFDI ny aglIaF coxF ƒ muwK rwKidaF s[ dUlo ƒ dilq afgU vjoN cuixaf hY. pr dilqF ƒ smJxf cfhIdf hY ik koeI vI ieMnf iBRsLtfcfr krn qoN bfad amIr bixaf nf hI dilq rihMdf hY aqy nf hI Ausdf iksy jfqI ivsLysL nfl sbMD rihMdf hY aqy nf hI Ausƒ iksy GwtigxqI ivcoN afieaf afgU ikhf jf skdf hY. jy hux iesdI jfqI dilq nhIN qF hor kI khI jf skdI hY? iesdf AuWqr pVHy ilKy qy isafsI jfgrUk jfxdy hn. iesdI jfqI hux klfs ivc bdl cuwkI hY. klfs/ jmfq df hux dUlo leI arQ hY, "amIr qbky df sihpfTI jF kih lE AuWcqm nsl qy pRjfqI" ieh imsfl iewkilaF s[ dUlo ’qy nhIN ZuwkdI. jo vI aPsrsLfh BfvyN Auh dilqF ivcoN hovy jF hor GwtigxqIaF ivcoN jdoN Auh dUlo vFg amIr bx jfvy qF Ausƒ isrP afpxy ihwq ipafry rih jFdy hn. ieh gwl sfry dilq aPsrF, isafsqdfnF qy GwtigxqI dy numfieMidaF ijnHF ivc iswK afgU vI afAuNdy hn cfhy Auh iksy vI pfrtI dy ikAuN nf hox, ’qy lfgU huMdI hY. s[ amirMdr isMG, muwK mMqrI pMjfb vloN akflI guwt df iBRsLtfcfr nMgf krnf isrP afpxy rfj ivc vwD iBRsLtfcfr PYlfAux vflI nIaq nfl kIqf kMm sI nf koeI iemfndfrI nfl AuTfieaf kdm kdI ikhf jf skygf.
       rfj cfhy iksy df vI ikAuN nf hovy. iBRsLtfcfr rfhIN pYsf iekwTf krn vfly aPsr qy ivcolIey qkrIbn AuhI rihMdy hn. ijwQoN qk pRsLfsn dy jvfbdyhI dI gwl hY, dyKx muqfbk ies ’qy kdy vI aml hox dI afs nhIN ikAuNik cpVfsI qoN lY ky AuWpr qwk hr iewk ’qy iksy nf iksy isafsqdfn df hr smyN isr ’qy hwQ rihMdf hY. BfvyN qusIN iksy dI vI isLkfieq kro. amlI qOr ’qy kfrvfeI kdI dyKx ivc nhIN afvygI. gwl hfsy ivc nf pf idE. iek dPf iek pRvfsI BfrqI ny iek sb-izivjLnl mYijstRyt ƒ isLkfieq jf kIqI ik quhfzf mulfjLm mYQoN sO rupieaf irsLvq mMgdf hY qF aPsr sfihbfn ny awgoN hws ky ikhf ik "iesy duKoN qF mYN aPsr bixaf bYTf hF. myry Gr jfiedfd jF pYsy dI iksy qrHF dI koeI kmI nhIN pr AuQy vI koeI nf koeI irsLvq lYx leI phuMicaf rihMdf sI. AunHF qoN bcx leI hI mYN soicaf ik aPsr bx jfvF, so mYN AuhI kIqf." ieh iekbflIaf ibafn dyx qoN bfad, AunHF ny pRvfsI BfrqI dI qswlI krfAux leI sbMiDq irsLvq mMgx vfly mulfjLm ƒ bulf ilaf qy Aus qoN puwiCaf ik qUM ieh irsLvq ikAuN mMgI hY. Aus mulfjLm ny bVI iemfndfrI nfl ikhf ik mYN qF isrP irsLvq mMgI hI hY ajy ikhVf ies idwqI hY. ies qoN awgy Aus vyly qF koeI kfrvfeI nhIN hoeI. pr Auh aPsr vI phuMc qy ihMmq vflf sI. Aus ny Aus mulfjLm dI bdlI dUsrI qihsIl ivc krvf idwqI. afm dyKx ivc afAuNdf hY ik pRsLfsn vloN ieqnf kMm kr dyxf vI mOjUdf siQqI ivc sOKf nhIN hY. ieQy ilKx leI hwz-bIqIaF qy jwg-bIqIaF df koeI aMq nhIN hY.
iBRsLtfcfr ƒ jfiej TihrfAux leI bydfgL s[ ismrnjIq isMG mfn ƒ iBRsLt qy dysL DRohI sfbq krnf kFgrs dI qy akflIaF dI isafsI mjbUrI qF hY hI pr ieh kMm pMjfb dy puils zfierYktr aYs[aYs[ ivrk nMU s[ mfn vloN AusdI inXukqI dy ivruwD qy brKfsqgI leI kIqI irt dy jvfbdyhI leI vI krnf jLrUrI sI jo Ausny bfKUbI kIqf BfvyN bdnfm hI hoieaf. s[ mfn dI cuxOqI dy sfhmxy ik, "AunHF afpxI srivs qy isafsI jIvn drimafn afpxI iksy iksm dI injI jfiedfd ivc koeI vfDf nhIN kIqf. lokF df pYsf lokF ’qy hI lfieaf hY," iBRsLt isafsqdfnF qy aPsrsLfhI pfs awj ies df koeI jvfb nhIN hY. pr srdfr ismrnjIq isMG mfn dI idRVHqf aqy vcnbwDqf ny sfbq kr idwqf hY ik iswKF dIaF hwkI mMgF qoN AunHF ƒ lIhoN nhIN lfihaf jf skdf BfvyN s[ mfn ƒ "awqvfd" dy Kfqy ivc iek bdnfm isafsqdfn idKf ky ‘blI df bwkrf’ bxfAux dI skIm sI jo pUrI nhIN hoeI.
ivdysLI PMz:
Bfrq df pRiswD aprfDI "supr puils mYn" qy iswKF ƒ JUTy qy mnGVHq zrfmy / nftk rcf ky mfrn df mfhr ky[pI[aYs[ igwl ƒ kYnyzIan kOmFqrI ivkfs eyjMsI (Canadian International Development Agency-CIDA) vloN PMz idwqy jfx df Kulfsf hox nfl bhuq acMBy vflI gwl nMgI hoeI hY ikAuNik jykr aijhy dosLI ƒ ivdysLI PMz af skdf hY qF hor smfijk qy mnuwKI aiDkfrF dI rfKI leI ivdysLI PMz ƒ iksy pRkfr vI njfiejL nhIN Tihrfieaf jf skdf. awgoN qoN vI kYnyzf vrgy ivkisq lokrfjI isDFqF ’qy cwlx vfly mulk ny ies qrHF dI KuwlH dy ky Bfrq aMdr hr iksm dy DMidaF leI ivdysLI PMz afAux ƒ jfiejL Tihrf ky sB ƒ hYrfn kr idwqf hY. ies acMBy qy hYrfnI ny qF s[ mfn vrgy mnuwKI aiDkfrF dy hwk ivc afvfjL bulMd krn vfly aqy iswKF dIaF hwkI mMgF leI mr imtx vfly afgU ’qy lwgy dosLF ƒ ijvyN muwZoN hI nkfr idwqf hovy.
Drm df AudysL qy awqvfd:
ivdysL ivc bYTy iswKF ƒ apIl hY ik jdoN asIN iswKI pihcfx ƒ PYlfAux dI gwl krdy hF qF Bfrq dy pRDfn mMqrI zfktr mnmohn isMG qy zfktr rfjvMq isMG dy Xogdfn ƒ afpsI rMijsL jF KihbfjLI ivc axdyiKaf krky apsLbdF nfl sMboDn krnf jfiejL nhIN hY BfvyN hor mqByd hox kfrn, ros krnf koeI mfVI gwl nhIN, jo kIqf vI igaf. ienHF donF sLKsIaqF nMU imlI sLohrq qy ienHF dy ieh kOmFqrI pwDr qk bxy sMbMDF kfrn iswKF dI ‘iswKI pihcfx’ ivwc hor vfDf hoieaf hY. ienHF dI sLKsLIaq nMU ‘hrBjn isMG jogI dy iswK’ ikDr gey kih ky GtfAuxf, afpsI mwq BydF qy eIrKf qF khI jf skdI hY, koeI cVHdI klf vflI soc df pRgtfvf nhIN hY.
hor Drm pRqI apsLbd vrq ky Drm qbdIl krvfAuxf jF dUsry Drm nMU nIcf idKfAux dI ibrqI nfl sLkqI hfsl krnf kmIngI qF hY hI sgoN awj ieh sMsfr aMdr iewk nvyN iksm df awqvfd afpxf krUp ichrf bxfeI iPrdf hY. dUsrI iDr vwloN Drm qbdIlI krnf ijwQy bImfr mfniskqf nMU pRgtfAuNdf hY AuwQy ies dy hor vI keI kfrn ho skdy hn. aijhy kdm nMU koeI ieKlfkI jF ijMdf idlI vflf nhIN kih skdf. aijhy Drm qbdIl krn vfilaF ’qy ajoky Xuwg ivwc ivsLvfsL qF kIqf hI nhIN jf skdf. iswK Drm aijhI Drm qbdIlI dI gvfhI nhIN Brdf. jogI dy iswK ‘iswKI dI pihcfx’ vjoN koeI ieKlfkI insLfnI nhIN sn qy nf hI hn.
pMjfb ivwc nsLIly pdfrQF dy mfPIaf df rfj:
awj pyNzU qy sLihrI vsoN nisLaF dI mfr hyT afeI awCI qrHF jfxdI hY ik pMjfb ivwc nsLIly pdfrQ dI smwgilMg ikvyN isafsI qy puils gwT-joV nfl rl ky ho rhI hY. nsLIly pdfrQF df mfPIaf pMjfb ivwc hor gRohF vFg bhuq sLkqIsLflI ho cuwkf hY. ies nsLIly pdfrQF dy mfPIaF ny awz-awz isafsI pfrtIaF ivwc pYsy dy jLor nfl mhwqvpUrn QF bxf ky afpxy isr joV ley hn. puils srkfr leI isrP ienHF qoN pYsy iekwTf krn df somf bx ky rih geI hY. iewQy kdI smwglr nhIN PVy jFdy mfmUlI nsLf Ckx vflyy puils dI pRfpqI idKfAux leI mncfhI brfmdgI idKf ky tMg idwqy jFdy hn. ienHF vI puils mfPIaf/ gRohF dy iesLfry ’qy hI krdI hY jo pRqwK rUp ivwc dyKx nMU imldf hY. ieh mfPIaf pRsLfsn qy lokF ‘qy BfrU hY. ies nMU ikhVf awqvfd khIey, smJ qoN bfhr dI gwl lwgdI hY. ies nMU bdldf pMjfb kih ky iswKI isDFqF qy pMjfb dI nsl df Kfqmf krn vflI gwl kihxf koeI awqkQnI nhIN hovygf. ijAuN hI pMjfb asYNblI dIaF coxF hor nyVy afAuxgIaF srkfr qy hor isafsI pfrtIaF nisLaF df ruJfn hor vDf dyxgIaF. ijwQy nsLf isafsqdfnF qy puils dI afmdn df iewk vwzf sfDn hY AuWQy ies nMU coxF ijwqx leI iewk hiQafr vjoN vI vriqaf qy splfeI kIqf jFdf hY.
iksfnf dy krjLy qy dysL aMdr vfpry Gutfly:
iksfnf dy krijLaF dI AunHF vwl bkfieaf rihMdI rfsLI qF dysL aMdr vfpry GutfilaF nfloN bhuq hI Gwt rkm hY. ieh krjLy muafP kIqy jf skdy hn. isLafsqdfn, aPsrsLfhI qy vpfrI afpsI myl-imlfp rfhIN Gutfly rfhIN iqMn lwK kroV rupey Kf gey hn. iesy kfrn hI aprfD viDaf hY. sfbkf Bfrq dy cox kimsLnr srdfr mnohr isMG igwlL ny TIk ikhf hY ik GutfilaF dI ieqnI vwzI rkm/rfsLI dy mukfbly dysL dy iksfnf df 25-30 hjfr kroV df krjLf muafP kr dyxf cfhIdf hY. pr pqf nhIN iksfn afgU qy AunHF vwloN iksfnf dy nF nfl rfjnIqI dI Kyz rcfAux qy bfhroN mfieaf iewkTI krn dy ierfdy nfl iewk qoN bfad iewk sLrfrqI ZMg nfl rojL nvF aYlfn krn vfly ies sMbMDI afpxI afvfjL bulMd ikAuN nhIN krdy qy cuwp hn?
brqfnvI srkfr dI glq iprq qy nIqI:
brqfnvI srkfr vwloN sLwkI nMU qurMq isr ‘c golI mfrn dI iprq qy nIqI bhuq mfVI qy BrpUr inMdxXog hY. ieh brqfnIaf nMU Bfrq dy lokrfj dy pwDr df drsfAuNdI hoeI, ies dy ivkisq lokrfj dIaF nIhF ihlfAuNdI hY. ies nfl brqfnIaf dI sLfn qy mfn Gtygf. Bfrq aMgryjLI rfj qoN bhuq kuJ cMgf iswKx leI ajy vI irxI aKvfAuNdf hY pr hux Bfrq qy iejLrfeIl qoN brqfnvI srkfr ny glq sbk iswKx kfrn mfVI iprq qy nIqI apnf ky afpxy ivkisq lookrfj nMU puwTf gyVf dy idwqf hY. hirafxy dI puils ny brqfnvI nIqI dI qurMq hI nkl krky guVgfAuN hoNzf PYktrI dy vrkrF ’qy kihr Zfa idwqf. ieh ieAuN lwigaf ijvyN ivdysLI nIqI qoN pRBfvq ho ky BfrqI lokrfj nMU hor qihsL nihsL krn leI hirafxy dI puils nMU lfiesMs iml igaf hovy. jy lokrfj dI sLkqI dy nsLy ny, iensfP dy rfj qoN bfhr rih ky, aijhI afigaf dyxI hY qF gYr-jQybMdk mnuwK nMU iensfP dy rfj anusfr cwlx df pfT pVHfAuxf afAux vfly smyN ivwc Auwkf hI bymqlbf ho jfvygf. ivkisq lokrfj dI pirBfsLf vI bdl jfvygI qy sMsfr aMdr hr QF Bfrq vrgy aDUry lokrfj ny QF lY lYxI hY. ivkisq lokrfj df mwDm pYxf, iensfP dy rfj (Rule Of Law) df alop hoxf, ies nfl lokrfjI qfnfsLfh df bdl lokrfjI awqvfd dy rUp ivc afAux dy sMkyq mnuwKqf leI koeI cMgy nhIN hn.
hux BfvyN brqfnIaf dI bdlI nIqI kfrn aqy Bfrq dy aDUry lokrfj nMU lokrfj dI qfnfsLfhI hI ikhf jfvygf pr jdoN sLosLxkfrIaF qy iBRsLtfcfrIaF qoN mukq hox leI afm lokF nMU igafn ho igaf qF Auh lokrfj dy bl nfl awgy af ky hux vfly hukmrfnF qy iBRsLt isafsqdfnF leI vI aijhI hI nIqI GVHngy qy kfnMUn bnfAuxgy, "ik ijs ny vI grIb df KUn cUs ky dOlq qy sLkqI iekwTI kIqI hY Aus dy POrn isr ivwc golI mfr idwqI jfvy qF jo kfnMUn dIaF njLrF ivwc brfbrI dy isDFq nMU iensfP dy rfj (Rule Of Law) dy afDfr ‘qy lfgU kIqf jfvy". kI iPr awj dy hukmrfn qy iBRsLt AusnMU lokrfjI awqvfd nhIN kihxgy? lyK ivwc idwqy ivsQfr nMU mOjUdf hflfq dy sMdrB ivwc gMBIrqf nfl lY ky, sMsfr aMdr ivgVdI siQqI df hwl lwBxf, hux jrUrI ho igaf hY. cmk dmk dI AuWnqI qoN KusLPihmI df isLkfr bx ky hI bYTy nhIN rih jfxf cfhIdf.
jdoN Bfrq dI POj ny sfl 1984 ivc iswK Dfrimk asQfnF ’qy hmlf krky aqy inhwQy qy avysly iswKF dIaF lfsLF ivCf ky, DrqI nMU KLUno KLUn kIqf. iewQy hI bws nhIN hoeI iPr dysL aMdr vI iswKF df kqlyafm krvfieaf qF kvI ieh sB kuwJ hoieaf dyK ky ieAuN ilK igaf:
"hr QF KLUno KLUn hY DrqI
hr QF kbrF dI cuwp vrqI
amn mYN ikwQy dPLn krUMgf
mYN hux iks nMU vqn khUMgf".
awj dunIaF df sLFq pr asl ivc asLFq qy srkfrI jbr df isLkfr byafsrf bhu-igxqI vrg kI soc irhf hovygf? iDafn dyx dI loV hY.
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